Renoprotection and Renin-Angiotensin System Blockade in Diabetes Mellitus

Renoprotection and renin-angiotensin system blockade in diabetes mellitus.

Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States, and accounts for 35% of all the patients with ESRD entering a dialysis program; 63% of patients with diabetic nephropathy have type II diabetes mellitus. Hypertension is a major risk factor for renal disease and is common in people with diabetes mellitus. Strategies for preventing the progressi...

Mechanisms underlying renoprotection during renin-angiotensin system blockade.

Potential determinants of chronic renal disease (CRD) progression were studied in male Munich-Wistar rats subjected to 5/6 nephrectomy and treated with candesartan (Csn; n = 30) or enalapril (Ena; n = 27) from 5 wk postsurgery. Despite control of systolic blood pressure (SBP; 24 wk: Csn = 143 +/- 9; Ena = 148 +/- 8 mmHg), urinary protein excretion rates (U(pr)V) increased over 24 wk (Csn = 92 +...

Probucol in Albuminuric Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients on Renin–Angiotensin System Blockade

Renin-angiotensin system and unilateral ureteral obstruction

Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) is a clinical scenario that leads to obstructive nephropathy. UUO alters the expression of many mediators in the ipsilateral kidney. Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is involved in UUO. Angiotensin II (Ang II) and angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) as the main arms of RAS influence kidney function which may alter by UUO. Ang II via Ang II receptor subtypes I (AT1R) ...

Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system.

HISTORICAL OVERVIEW Milestones in understanding the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) until the development of angiotensin II antagonists are described briefly. Sites at which the RAS might be blocked are outlined. PEPTIDE ANALOGUE ANTAGONISTS OF ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTORS Saralasin-like compounds were used in numerous experimental and clinical situations and clarified the role of the RAS. Some of...